Over packing or fill the material over which the water flows as it falls through the tower, so that a large surface area is presented to the air stream. See the more detailed explanation of cooling towers systems. The access door and walkway equipped inside the tower are to insure the convenience of maintenance and cleaning. One is to collect the cold water from tower and acts as storage. Cooling tower producers typically allow clients to purchase new gearboxes or employ skilled experts who can restore or renew a gearbox with original equipment manufactured oem parts. Amarillo gear service uses oem and all american manufactured parts when restoring gearboxes. Determination of optimum height for counter flow cooling tower ashraf kotb department of mechanical power engineering, ain shams university, cairo, egypt abstract a model for counter flow cooling tower is present with treatments to recover the simplifications in. The fundamental principal employed in accomplishing this removal of heat is the evaporation of water. Rp m 2 rp m 1 cfm 2 c fm 1 staticpressure 2 static pressure 1 cfm 2 cfm 12 ho rsep ower 2 ho rsepow er 1c fm cfm 3 formulas. Closed circuit systems differ in that the return fluid often water, or sometimes water mixed with glycol circulates through the tower structure in a coil, while cooling tower water recirculates only in.
Rp m 2 rp m 1 cfm 2 c fm 1 staticpressure 2 static pressure 1 cfm 2 cfm 12 ho rsep ower 2 ho rsepow er 1c fm cfm 3 formulas ra nge e ntering water tem per ature leavingwater temperature. Cooling tower pumping and piping bottom vented downcomer. A lot of people confuse a cooling tower with a chimney. At the same time, air is being drawn through the airinlet louvers forcing water to evaporate. Cooling tower efficiency calculations along with approach, range, cycle of concentration, blowdown, evaporation loss and makeup water. Cooling towers are perhaps the most misunderstood part of a power plant by the general public. Download the working principle of cooling tower pdf.
But do you know well maintenance of cooling towers is even more important. The direct contact between vertical air from both sides and the falling water from hot water basin occurs inside the pvc filling so that the heat can be rejected from the tower by the fan. Many of these components may be retrofitted to your existing cooling towers to extend their life or enhance their performance. Cstn september 2002 a client had a large, threecell cooling tower system that was having problems maintaining conductivity. Gear box reduces the speed of the depending on the fan requirement. Approach to wet bulb the difference between the temperature of the water leaving the tower and the wet bulb temperature of the air entering. I remember showing a picture of a cooling tower to a bunch of engineering students and asking th. The project deals with the performance study and analysis of induced draft cooling tower, which is one of the deciding factors used for increasing the power plant efficiency also modelling and analysis of flow using software. This is the difference between the cooling tower outlet cold water temperature and ambient wet bulb temperature. According to their studies, the exergy of water is not diameter, the energy destruction increased. Again, this will be a first issue releasing the actual engineering approach. Determination of optimum height for counter flow cooling. Here we explain in full detail how cooling towers operate with example text, pictures, diagrams and principles.
Confidential cooling tower drift test report for member of the cooling tower institute, houston, tx, midwest research institute, kansas city, mo, august 1984. In naturaldraft towers, airflow through the tower is achieved naturally i. The water flows down over a series of wooden slats which give a large interfacial area and promote turbulence in the liquid. Cooling tower efficiency calculations chemical engineering site. They used this model to predict the variation in temperature and exergy along the tower they validated the method by experimental data. Recirculating cooling water systems are found in most air conditioning chiller operations, as well as many heat exchange operations. Closed circuit systems differ in that the return fluid often water, or sometimes water mixed with glycol circulates through the tower structure in a coil, while cooling tower water recirculates only in the tower. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. F o r m u l a s a n d t a b l es formulasandtables fanlaws. This produces warm and humid air which leaves the top and condenses into a. For example, excessive water flow, excessive airflow, and water bypassing the tower drift. An introduction to cooling tower water treatment cedengineering. The program can be used for the analysis of existing towers or for the preparation of specifications for new towers. Concrete is used for the tower shell with a height of up to 200 m.
Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Induced draft systems can also force air into the tower with a blowthrough or pull it out through a drawthrough. Keywords power plant, cooling tower, induced draft, range, approach, environmental conditions, cooling capacity, evaporation loss, lg ratio, water flow rates. Cooling tower function water is moved by a pump from the condenser to the cooling tower and back to the condenser tower must reject more heat than the chiller absorbs the compressor adds approximately 25% additional heat design temperature of water leaving the tower is 85 the tower can cool the water down to within 7 of the wetbulb temperature of the ambient air.
The major concern during i study the cooling tower theory was how to computerize the cooling tower theory from the calculation of ntu to the cooling tower performance analysis. Due to the layout of the tower, no fan is required and there is almost no circulation of hot air that could affect the performance. The water then gets distributed by cooling tower nozzles to the wet deck. By alok kumar swain mechanical engineer brmiit bbsr 2. If not already known, determine the value of water used in your cooling towers and evaporative condensers. The drive shaft transmits power from the output shaft of the motor to the input shaft of gear reduction units. Other factors, which we will see, must be stated along with flow rate m3hr.
Cooling tower analysis is a powerful, user friendly, program for the analysis of induced, mechanicaldraft, counterflow cooling towers. What is the purpose of cooling towers in thermal power plants. Earlier models focus mostly on developing a static solution for how the cooling tower will act at specific instances, but reality is not static. Go through the blog to know in detail about the best five steps to maintain cooling towers and avail reasonable priced quality cooling towers at kool drop. Confidential cooling tower drift test report, midwest research institute, kansas city, mo, november 1983.
Cooling tower components and options ctd offers many high quality options and components on all new cooling towers. Ppt condensors and cooling towers powerpoint presentation. Reducing water use in cooling towers and evaporative condensers. Range range is determined not by the cooling tower, but by the process it is serving. Artistic to scientific design of cooling towers the art of evaporative cooling is quite ancient, although it is only relatively recently that it has been studied scientifically. The cooling tower had two possible makeup water sources. The data from the work can also be used in other courses where the equipment is studied. Cooling towers are a very important part of many chemical plants. Column anchor column anchor is a device for attaching the tower structure to the foundation. The fanlaws can be used topredi ctthe pe rformance ofa towerwitha nonstandard motor. A cooling tower is an equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting heat from water and emitting it to the atmosphere. Design of mechanical draftcooling tower and determination of. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device, which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere though the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. The commissioning of cooling towers 2 prime and paint the condenser water piping, cooling tower structural steel, and other exposed metals to ensure long life and a neater appearance.
For the tower piping circuit, the pump must overcome the piping flow friction loss. The cold basin is either lies on the top of the soil or lies below the ground level. Cooling tower basics and common misconceptions introduction in comparison with most other industrial equipments, the water cooling tower is a simple device, based on the direct contact of two of the earths most common substances. The bench top cooling tower behaves in a similar manner and has similar components to a full size. Understanding the different types of cooling towers. In this paper we use a natural draft counter flow cooling tower in investigating the performance of cooling tower in different seasons. Compiled from the knowledge and experience of the entire spx cooling technologies staff. Power plant cooling system overview for researchers and technology developers. Therefore, the cooling tower in albuquerque will be able to extract more process or building heat and will run at a cooler temperature because the dry desert air. Tsou consulting services john maulbetsch, maulbetsch consulting jessica shi, epri electric power research institute. The humidity is defined as water particles present in air. Concentration concentration is the increase of impurities in the cooling water due to the evaporative process. Compared with the use and waste of city water the water consumption can be reduced with about 90 95%. They reject process heat from the cooling water to atmosphere and keep the water cool.
Cooling tower pumping and piping baltimore aircoil company. The water consumption or the amount of make up water of a cooling tower is about 0. Design of mechanical draftcooling tower and determination. For example, a cooling tower sized to cool 4540 m 3hr through a. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower approach. The air is sucked in from below and flows upward when heated by the water. Basic principles consider the surface of a warm water droplet or film in contact with an air stream. Induced draft or mechanical draft cooling towers use some type of mechanical pressure, like a fan system, to push air upward inside the tower. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. The software program can be used for the analysis of existing towers or for the preparation of specifications for new towers. Power plant cooling system overview for researchers and. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The tower thats placed in apparathallen in kemicentrum was investigated and used as a base for the model.
Five steps to maintain cooling towers cooling towers are essential for the performance of any industrial air conditioning system. Cooling tower plays a major role in chemical process industry. Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere. Al photograph of the keystone power station a2 a2 cooling water schematic for keystone station a4 a3 evaporation losses from cooling tower a6 a4 the effects of wet bulb temperature and a relative humidity on density difference driving force bl the helicopter used for aerial sampling b3 b2 sampling probe and interior installation of. The height of the cooling tower is determined from the distance between the top. It must also provide the energy head necessary to raise water from a low to a higher static head level. A cooling towers function is to remove heat from a building or process application that generates heat and must be dissipated. Cooling water systems an overview of cooling towers 2012 instructor. Performance analysis of cooling tower semantic scholar.
Merkel developed a cooling tower theory for the mass evaporation of a small portion of water and sensible heat transfer between the air and water in a counter. A cooling tower is an enclosed device for the evaporative cooling of water by contact with the air. Cooling water systems an overview of cooling towers. Inadequate flow rates downcomer flow rates can be so low, relative to pipe size, as to allow air to enter at the pipe discharge. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Cooling tower calculations software program is a powerful, user friendly, software program for the analysis of induced, mechanicaldraft, counterflow cooling towers. Cooling towers find application in almost all sorts of industries varying from small process plants to the large refineries, petrochemical complexes. Cooling tower process tower basin distribution deck basin tower fill induced draft fan recirc pump return water supply water a tower cools water by evaporation by drawing high volume air across the water surface, which transfers heat to the atmosphere. Cooling tower control problem by james mcdonald, pe, cwt originally published. This 4hour course provides comprehensive information on cooling towers. Reducing water use in cooling towers and evaporative. Cooling water systems an overview of cooling towers a. Treatment and corrosion control of cooling water page 2 control of fouling mud and silt 5. Tower maintenance and operation levels also can influence the formation of drift droplets.
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